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''Ostrya virginiana'' (American hophornbeam), is a species of ''Ostrya'' native to eastern North America, from Nova Scotia west to southern Manitoba and eastern Wyoming, southeast to northern Florida and southwest to eastern Texas. Populations from Mexico and Central America are also regarded as the same species, although some authors prefer to separate them as a distinct species, ''Ostrya guatemalensis''.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕 Other names include eastern hophornbeam, hardhack (in New England), ironwood, and leverwood.〔(Flora of North America: ''Ostrya virginiana''. )〕〔Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras〕 It is a deciduous understory tree growing to 18 m tall and 0.2–0.5 m trunk diameter. The bark is brown to gray-brown, with small shaggy plates flaking off. The leaves are ovoid-acute, 5–13 cm long and 4–6 cm broad, with a finely serrated margin. The flowers are catkins produced in spring at the same time as the new leaves appear; the male catkins are 20–50 mm long, the female 8–15 mm long. The fruit is a small nutlet 3–5 mm long fully enclosed in a papery white involucre 1–1.8 cm long, with 10–30 involucres on each catkin.〔 Populations along the Atlantic coast have slightly smaller leaves, and are sometimes separated as ''O. virginiana'' var. ''lasia'' Fernald. The buds and catkins are important source of winter food for some birds, notably ruffed grouse (''Bonasa umbellus''). It is grown as an ornamental plant and is sometimes used as a street tree. Its wood is very resilient and is valued for making tool handles and fence posts. Being a diffuse porous hardwood and having extremely high density and resistance to compression, it is an excellent material for the construction of wooden longbows. ;Subspecies〔 #''Ostrya virginiana'' subsp. ''guatemalensis'' (H.J.P.Winkl.) A.E.Murray - central + southern Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador #''Ostrya virginiana'' subsp. ''virginiana'' - eastern half of United States, eastern Canada == Gallery == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ostrya virginiana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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